Cal Crutchlow smashed the Jerez lap record to take pole for the MotoGP Spanish Grand Prix, with Marc Marquez fifth, while the factory Yamahas struggled.
Suzuki's Andrea Iannone set the benchmark pace with a 1:37.987s, before Marquez – who crashed in FP4 prior to qualifying – edged one hundredth of a second clear.
Marquez remained on top of the timesheets until the final six minutes, when Crutchlow guided his factory-backed LCR RC213V to a new lap record of 1:37.752s, with the Repsol duo of Dani Pedrosa and Marquez behind.
Marquez threatened Crutchlow on his final few laps, but could not hook the lap together, while the Briton cemented his first pole since the 2016 British Grand Prix with a final effort of 1:37.653s.
Pedrosa held onto second at the chequered flag, while Tech3's Johann Zarco leaped up to third in the dying seconds having languished at the lower reaches of the top 10 for much of the session.
Jorge Lorenzo put his Ducati at the front of the second row, pushing Marquez back to fifth, with Suzuki's Alex Rins edging 0.003 seconds ahead of Iannone to qualify sixth.
Q1 pacesetter Andrea Dovizioso will launch his bid to keep his lead in the championship in tact from eighth, his worst Saturday result since last year's Valencia race.
Maverick Vinales followed Dovizioso through to Q2, but struggled in the second session to 11th, with Yamaha teammate Valentino Rossi only a few hundredths ahead in 10th. Jack Miller completed the top 12.
Aleix Espargaro came agonisingly close to getting his Aprilia into Q2, missing out on his final lap by just 0.040s. He will line up 13th instead ahead of LCR's Takaaki Nakagami, who was just over a tenth away from the progression places.
Franco Morbidelli guided his Marc VDS Honda to 15th ahead of KTM's Pol Espargaro, with Tito Rabat unable to improve on 17th after a crash in the closing stages at the first corner.
The Avintia rider heads former Moto2 rivals Tom Luthi on the second Marc VDS bike and KTM wildcard Mika Kallio on the 2019 prototype RC16.